What are the symbols called on a computer keyboard?
Collectively anything on a keyboard is a character.
Characters that represent an alphabet are letters. (a,b,c,d, etc)
Characters that represent numerical output are numbers. (1,2,3,4, etc)
Any character that is not a number or a letter is a symbol. (!,@,#,$, etc)
As for the names of the individual symbols, this should cover most of the common ones:
`grave accent
~ tilde
! exclamation mark (or bang)
@ at (history)
# hashtag (or number sign)
$ dollar sign (typically US currency)
% percentage sign
^ caret
& ampersand (or “and”)
* asterisk
( ) open and closed parenthesis
_ underscore
+ plus sign
– minus sign (or dash, or hyphen)
= equal sign
[ ] { } brackets (standard[ ] and curly{ } (which are sometimes called Braces))
| vertical bar (or Sheffer Stroke)
/ forward slash
backslash
‘ ’ “ ” quotation marks (single or double)
’ apostrophe
: colon
; semicolon
< less than
> greater than (these are sometimes called angled brackets)
, comma
. period (full stop)
? question (end) mark
¿ question (begin) mark (mostly common to Spanish)
Technically ‘ “ ` can all be called prime symbols and used for a variety of things, details here:
Prime (symbol) – Wikipedia
` is the standard grave accent.
’ by itself is most commonly used as an apostrophe (for contractions) or can be used to mean feet when measuring distance. Two of them wrapped ‘around’ something are single quote marks.
The “double” are double quote marks but can also be used as ditto (repeat) when placed under something in a list, explained: Ditto mark – Wikipedia
They also serve as the symbol for inches in measurement.
2′4″ can be read as two feet and four inches. The prime symbols generally have the most versatility depending on what they are used in conjunction with.
[ ] { } < > ( ) may have slightly different names depending on where and when they are used, more information here: How to Use a Bracket in Grammar and here Grammar: Braces Usage
There are also over 140,000 Unicode characters. These may appear on specialized keyboards but can be accessed by most keyboards by holding down the Alt key and typing the corresponding code. Here’s just a few examples:
¤ (Generic) Currency (used to note a volume of money but without identifying the type)
¥ (Japanese) Yen
£ (British) Pound
¢ Cents
§ Section
© Copyright
™ Trademark
®Registered Trademark
† Dagger
‡ Double Dagger
• Bullet point
… Elipsis
‼ Doble signo de exclamación
⁊ Tironian et (notas taquigráficas tironianas)
Además de estos, normalmente puedes encontrar los caracteres unicode para la mayoría de la moneda común en todo el mundo, letras/números para casi todos los idiomas comunes y una variedad de glifos e incluso sólo algunos símbolos artísticos también.
Para más información, empieza aquí: Lista de caracteres Unicode – Wikipedia
Si hay algún otro símbolo en su teclado tendrá que ser más específico.